Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface

This volume describes the principles of chemical delivery and mixing systems and their design and implementation for effective in situ remediation. The intended audiences include the decision makers, practicing engineers and hydrogeologists who will select, design and operate remedial systems, as well as the researchers seeking to improve the current state of the science and technology. Our hope is that this volume will serve as a useful resource to assist remediation professionals in designing, applying and developing remedial technologies as effectively as possible. Topics addressed in this volume include: · An overview of the current state of understanding related to in situ chemical delivery and mixing, including a brief review of some of the remaining challenges and ongoing research. · A tutorial on the reactions and processes of importance in groundwater remediation. Chapter 2 focuses on chemical and biological processes, while Chapter 3 focuses on transport and mixing. · A discussion of available hydrogeochmicalmodeling approaches, including a detailed discussion of the travel-time approach to modeling. Protocols for practical implementation for design and monitoring of processes are included. · Design issues and principles for introducing and mixing chemicals with groundwater contaminants are discussed, including: § Recirculation systems, where mixing is controlled through and takes place mostly in wells is presented. The challenges of operating and maintaining injection-extraction wells, the non-uniform distribution of biomass, plugging issues, and strategies such as pulsing are discussed. Case studies are provided. § The use and design of reactive barriers—where contaminants are brought through normal groundwater advection to the reacting chemicals contained within permeable barrier walls through which the groundwater passes—are discussed. § Technologies such as air sparging used for introducing and mixing gaseous reactants as well as for removing volatile contaminants are discussed. Ageneral background on processes for mixing of gases is provided along with design issues forair sparging. Case studies are included. § Intrinsic remediation in natural-gradient systems, where the kinetics are controlled through mixing of contaminant plumes with ambient species, such as dissolved oxygen, over long periods of times is covered. Issues including monitoring and estimation of long-term reaction rates, lengths of plumes, and other important parameters are

שנה

2016

שפה

English

הוצאה

Springer New York

מהדורות

3

ISBN

9781493943647

מקור הנתונים: Wikidata